中文

1984 年，计算的扩散更像“人群分层”的扩散。

当系统变得可用，问题就转移到人：谁会用、谁负责、谁检查、谁解释。

1) 全球切片：工具降低门槛，但不会消灭分层

工具会变得更容易，但分层不会消失，它会换形：从会不会写，变成会不会组合、会不会排错、会不会管理数据。

2) 国内切片：机房训练与岗位重排

教育与单位内部训练会制造新的分工：操作、录入、校验、编程、管理。计算变成组织中的一种职业结构。

3) 机制：分工让系统可扩展

分工不是效率主义，它是扩展的前提。没有分工，系统只能服务少数人；有分工，系统才能服务组织。

本章要点：1984 年，计算开始改变“谁在组织里说了算”的方式。

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English

In 1984, diffusion begins to look like stratification.

As systems become usable, the question moves to people: who can use it, who is responsible, who checks, who explains.

1) Global slice: lower barriers do not erase hierarchy

Tools get easier, but hierarchy does not vanish—it changes shape. The advantage shifts from “can you write code” to “can you combine tools, debug, and manage data.”

2) China slice: lab training and job reshuffling

Education and internal training create new divisions: operator, input clerk, checker, programmer, administrator. Computing becomes an occupational structure inside organizations.

3) Mechanism: division of labor makes systems scalable

Division of labor is not merely efficiency. It is the condition of scale. Without it, systems serve a few; with it, they can serve an organization.

Key point: in 1984, computing begins to change who gets to decide inside an organization.